Understanding Special Educational Needs (SEN): How Parents Can Advocate for Support

Published on October 9th, 2025 by RWC Education Ltd

Navigating the world of Special Educational Needs (SEN) can feel overwhelming for parents, whether your child attends school or is home-educated. In 2025, with growing awareness of diverse needs like autism, dyslexia, ADHD, and sensory impairments, understanding SEN and advocating for your child’s support is more crucial than ever. This guide demystifies SEN, outlines how to identify needs, explains the process for securing an Education, Health and Care Plan (EHCP), and highlights how tutoring can make a difference for SEN students.

What Are Special Educational Needs (SEN)?

SEN refers to children or young people (ages 0–25) who need extra support in education due to learning difficulties or disabilities. These can include:

•  Neurodevelopmental conditions: Autism, ADHD

•  Learning difficulties: Dyslexia, dyscalculia

•  Physical or sensory impairments: Hearing or visual impairments

•  Social, emotional, or mental health needs:

Anxiety, behavioral challenges

Every child’s needs are unique, and early identification is key to ensuring they thrive. If your child struggles with learning, behavior, or communication in ways that differ from their peers, they may have SEN.

Identifying Your Child’s Needs

Spotting SEN early allows for timely support. Look for signs like:

•  Difficulty with reading, writing, or math beyond age expectations

•  Challenges with focus, organization, or social interactions

•  Sensory sensitivities or physical difficulties affecting learning

•  Emotional distress or frustration during schoolwork

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If your child is in school, speak to their class teacher or the school’s Special Educational Needs Coordinator (SENCO). For home-educated children, observe their learning patterns and consult professionals like educational psychologists or pediatricians. Free resources from organizations like IPSEA (www.ipsea.org.uk) can guide you through identifying needs and understanding your rights.

Securing an Education, Health and Care Plan (EHCP)

An EHCP is a legally binding document for children with significant SEN, outlining their educational, health, and social care needs. In 2025, the process involves:

1.  Request an Assessment: Parents, schools, or young people (over 16) can ask the Local Authority (LA) for an EHC needs assessment. Submit a request with evidence, such as school reports or medical diagnoses.

2.  Assessment Phase: The LA gathers input from parents, schools, and professionals (e.g., psychologists). This takes up to 6 weeks.

3.  Draft EHCP: If approved, the LA issues a draft plan. Review it carefully to ensure it reflects your child’s needs.

4.  Finalization: The EHCP is finalized within 20 weeks, detailing support like extra classroom help or therapies.

5.  Annual Reviews: EHCPs are reviewed yearly to adapt to your child’s progress.

Work closely with your LA, but be prepared to advocate firmly. IPSEA offers templates for EHCP requests and advice on appealing LA decisions. If your child is home-educated, an EHCP can still provide funding for therapies or resources, though you’ll need to demonstrate educational provision.

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School-Based SEN Support vs. Home Education

In schools, SEN support starts with the SENCO, who coordinates adjustments like extra time in exams, small-group learning, or speech therapy. Schools must follow the SEND Code of Practice (2015), ensuring “graduated support” before pursuing an EHCP. However, some parents find school support inconsistent due to budget constraints or staff shortages.

Home education offers flexibility for SEN children, allowing tailored learning environments—crucial for those with sensory or anxiety issues. Parents can adapt curricula, pacing, and teaching styles to suit their child’s needs. However, home-ed parents must fund most resources unless an EHCP provides support. Combining home education with part-time school or external therapies can strike a balance.

Tips for Working with Local Authorities

•  Know Your Rights: Read the SEND Code of Practice and IPSEA’s resources to understand legal entitlements.

•  Document Everything: Keep records of communications, assessments, and your child’s progress.

•  Be Persistent: LAs may delay or deny assessments. Appeal decisions with IPSEA’s support if needed.

•  Engage Professionals: Reports from educational psychologists or therapists strengthen your case.

•  Collaborate: Build positive relationships with your LA and school to ensure smooth communication.

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How Tutors Can Support SEN Students

Personalized tutoring can transform learning for SEN children. Tutors trained in SEN strategies can:

•  Adapt teaching methods (e.g., visual aids for dyslexia, sensory breaks for autism)

•  Build confidence through one-on-one attention

•  Create tailored study plans, focusing on strengths and addressing challenges

•  Prepare students for exams with accommodations like extra time or assistive technology

Our tutoring services specialize in SEN, offering flexible support for children in school or home-educated settings. Whether your child needs help with literacy, math, or social skills, our tutors provide structured, compassionate guidance to reduce frustration and boost progress.

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Why Advocacy Matters

Supporting an SEN child requires knowledge, persistence, and tailored solutions. By understanding SEN, navigating the EHCP process, and accessing resources like IPSEA, you can secure the support your child deserves. Whether in school or home-educated, your advocacy ensures their unique needs are met. Our SEN-focused tutoring services are here to complement your efforts, offering personalized strategies for children aged 0–25.

For more guidance or to explore our SEN tutoring options, visit our website or contact us today! Let’s empower your child to thrive.